PARIS (AFP)---A French newspaper satirist has sparked a feverish tug-of-war over free speech and anti-Semitism with a biting column on the engagement of President Nicolas Sarkozy's son to a Jewish heiress.
Published on July 2 in the satirical weekly Charlie Hebdo, the piece cost the 79-year-old Sine, a veteran cartoonist and anarchist writer whose real name is Maurice Sinet, his job after he refused to apologise.
Since then it has unleashed a torrent of op-ed articles, blog entries, petitions and counter-petitions as French writers, politicians and armchair commentators line up to vilify or defend him.
A lifelong provocateur whose previous targets have included Muslim fundamentalists and gays, Sine finally went to the police after a website published a call for him to be murdered, his lawyer said on Sunday.
In the incendiary article, he penned a sharp paragraph on the rising fortunes of the 21-year-old Jean Sarkozy, who was elected this year to local office in his father's political fief, the Paris suburb of Neuilly.
Sine wrote that Sarkozy junior "has just said he intends to convert to Judaism before marrying his fiancee, who is Jewish, and the heiress to the founders of Darty," a French retail giant. "He'll go far, that kid," he wrote.
Old stereotype
Charlie Hebdo editor and director Philippe Val said Sine was sacked for remarks that "could be interpreted as drawing a link between conversion to Judaism and social success", relaying the old stereotype linking Jews and money.
Val said the text made it into print by mistake and was "neither acceptable nor defendable in court."
Aides to Jean Sarkozy, who has Jewish roots through his paternal grandmother, deny he has any plan to convert to Judaism when he marries his fiancee, Jessica Sibaoun-Darty.
But the "Affaire Sine" quickly escalated into a tug-of-war over freedom of expression and anti-Semitism -- a sensitive issue in a country that has both Europe's largest Jewish community, at 600,000 people, and its largest Muslim community, at around five million.
In an open letter in Le Monde last month, 20 writers and politicians including Paris mayor Bertrand Delanoe, Nobel Peace prize winner Elie Wiesel, former Justice Minister Robert Badinter and philosopher Bernard-Henri Levy, defended the paper's decision to sack its satirist.
| |
|
In a front-page commentary in Le Monde newspaper, philosopher and writer Bernard Henri-Levy drew out the ugly French history — from 19th-century anti-Semitic tracts about money-grubbing Jews through the Dreyfus affair to innuendo about President Sarkozy’s partly Jewish heritage — that, in his view, makes Siné poisonous to the point of unacceptability. “We have not made too much of the ‘Siné Affair, ” Levy concluded.
He compared it to Michel Foucault’s “secretion of time” — a small thing that condenses “the spirit and malaise of an epoch.”
|
They said he had "crossed the line between humorous insult and hateful caricature".
French Culture Minister Christine Albanel joined the chorus of condemnation last week.
Sine's detractors also have a trump card: the cartoonist was convicted of inciting racial hatred in 1985, over remarks made in 1982 after an attack in Paris' historic Jewish quarter.
"I am anti-Semitic and I am no longer afraid to say so... I want every Jew to live in fear, except if they are pro-Palestinian. Let them die," Sine said at the time. He later apologised.
The cartoonist, backed by a raft of fellow satirists, writers and artists fiercely denies the latest accusation of anti-Semitism, and is suing a fellow journalist for defamation for making the charge.
Eight thousand people have signed up to an online petition defending him, including the star architect Jean Nouvel and the extreme-left former presidential candidate Olivier Besancenot.
They insist he is not an anti-Semite, merely an agent provocateur, that his remarks were well within the law, and part of a healthy and necessary tradition of irreverent satire.
"We can't breathe in this country any more," complained the writer Jean-Marie Laclavetine in Le Monde. "We need the outrageousness of someone like Sine."
"Charlie Hebdo has dealt a terrible blow to freedom of expression by seeking to gag Sine the libertarian," wrote Gisele Halimi, a high-profile lawyer and former lawmaker who is Jewish.
The satirical weekly made headlines in 2006 for re-printing cartoons of the Prophet Mohammed, which sparked a wave of violent protests around the world, as well as an irreverent cartoon of its own.
It later won a defamation suit brought by French Muslim groups in a trial seen as a test case for freedom of expression, and over which it received the support of the French media and political establishment.
Why, ask Sine's supporters, should it be possible to criticise Islam but not Judaism?
Charlie Hebdo's editor Val retorted last week that the paper would publish attacks on any religion that "seeks to be a substitute for democratic law", but not against individuals "whatever their origin."